PRESENT TENSE

PRESENT TENSE

A.    SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

POLA

Subject + Verb 1 + …. They / We I / You

Subject + Verb s-es + ….     He / She  It

FUNGSI:

1.      Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.

Contoh:

Ø   The students go to school everyday.

Ø   She studies English twice a week.

Ø   I go to church on Sundays

Ø   We celebrate our independence day once in a year.

2.      Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).

Contoh:

Ø   The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.

Ø   The earth revolves round the sun.

Ø   The pineapple never grows up on a tree.

3.      Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.

When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

KETERANGAN WAKTU

1. Every morning/day/week/month/year
2. Once, twice, three times, four times, …
3. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

B.     PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

POLA

Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing

      FUNGSI

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.

Contoh:

Ø   They are still playing at the moment.

Ø   She is reading a novel now.

2. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.

Contoh:

Ø   I am learning French this year.

Ø   Mr. Brown is teaching English.

KETERANGAN WAKTU

Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

      NOTE

”Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tensesnya Present Continuous”.

      Contoh:     

Ø  Look! The man is climbing.

Ø  Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

C.    PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

POLA

Subject + Have  +  Verb 3 + ….                Has

    FUNGSI

1.   Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.

Contoh:

Ø   William Shakespeare has written many short stories.

Ø   I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

2.   Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.

Contoh:

Ø   My friends and I have gone to Bali.

Ø   Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.

KETERANGAN WAKTU

Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

D.    PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS TENSE

POLA

Subject + Have  + Been + Verb-ing                Has

FUNGSI :

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.

Contoh:

Ø  My sister has been studying English for three months.

Ø  The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.

KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.